Rethinking the Non-resilience of Trade Unions in Armenia: How to Protect Social Rights and Freedoms of Workers?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46991/JOPS/2022.1.1.078Keywords:
resilience, non-resilience, trade unions, social partnership, social dialogue, Armenia, political populism, European integrationAbstract
This article analyzes the non-resilience nature of the social partnership of labor relations in Armenia after the Velvet Revolution and the legitimate change of public authority in 2018. Reimagining the agenda of European integration, democratization and anti-corruption policies implies strengthening the social dimension of trade unions and effectively protecting the social rights and freedoms of workers and their labor interests. The civiliarchic significance of social partnership in post-revolutionary Armenia should help reduce social inequality among social groups and strata, as well as develop a dialogue between business and labor. The result of social dialogue should be a gradual improvement in the quality of life and humanization of labor relations, as well as a civilized resolution of social conflicts.
Particular attention in the article is paid to the legal and legitimate dimensions of social partnership in labor relations of the post-revolutionary Armenian society. In this sense, the article analyzes the Constitution, legal norms, national legislation, public authorities, European and international governmental organizations and their conventions and resolutions, through the effective implementation of which the new government has tried to ensure the rule of law since 2018, thereby minimizing informal norms of labor behavior, shadow economy and employment.
References
Barsukova, Svetlana, Elena Denisova-Schmidt, und Alena V. Ledeneva. 2018. “Informalität oder Korruption: Kritik der quantitativen Korruptionsforschung.” Osteuropa 68 (8-9): 25-40.
Brown, Archie. 1978. “Political Developments: Some Conclusions and an Interpretation.” In: The Soviet Union since the Fall of Khrushchev, edited by Archie Brown, and Michael Kaser, 218-275. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15847-8_10.
Copeland, Paul. 2012. “EU enlargement, the clash of capitalisms and the European social model.” Comparative European Politics 10: 476-504. https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2011.21.
Courtois, Stéphane. 1990. “The origins of the trade union question in the communist world.” Journal of Communist Studies 6 (4): 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523279008415051.
Dannreuther, Charles. 2014. “The European Social Model after the crisis: the end of a functionalist fantasy?” Journal of Contemporary European Studies 22 (3): 329-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2014.938621.
Darden, Keith A. 2009. Economic Liberalism and Its Rivals: The Formation of International Institutions among the Post-Soviet States. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511575938
Dølvik, Jon E., and Jelle Visser. 2001. “ETUC and European Social Partnership: a Third Turning-Point?” In: Social Partnership in the European Union, edited by Hugh Compston, and Justin Greenwood, 11-40. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403900821_2.
Driscoll, Jesse. 2015. Warlords and Coalition Politics in Post-Soviet States. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107478046
Frank, Peter. 1978. “The Changing Composition of the Communist Party.” In: The Soviet Union since the Fall of Khrushchev, edited by Archie Brown, and Michael Kaser, 96-120. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15847-8_5.
Ghai, Dharam. 2003. “Decent work: Concept and indicators.” International Labour Review 142 (2): 113-145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2003.tb00256.x
Grybkauskas, Saulius. 2020. Governing the Soviet Union’s National Republics: The Second Secretaries of the Communist Party. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429422546.
Hermann, Christoph. 2017. “Crisis, Structural Reform and the Dismantling of the European Social Model(S).” Economic and Industrial Democracy 38 (1): 51-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X14555708.
Herzig, Edmund M. 1996. “Armenia and the Armenians.” In: The Nationalities Question in the Post-Soviet States, edited by Graham Smith, 248-268. London and New York: Longman Group Ltd.
Hewes, Amy. 1932. “The Transformation of Soviet Trade Unions.” The American Economic Review 22 (4): 605-619.
Hoffer, Frank. 1998. Traditional trade unions during transition and economic reform in the Russian Federation. Geneva: ILO.
Hulicka, Karel. 1962. “The Komsomol.” The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly 42 (4): 363-73.
Hyman, Richard. 2005. “Trade Unions and the Politics of the European Social Model.” Economic and Industrial Democracy 26 (1): 9-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X05049401.
Ikpe, Eka. 2007. “Challenging the discourse on fragile states.” Conflict, Security & Development 7 (10): 85-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678800601176543.
ILO. 2013. National tripartite social dialogue: an ILO guide for improved governance. Geneva: International Labour Office.
Mandel, Ruth. 2012. “Introduction: Transition to Where? Developing Post-Soviet Space.” Slavic Review 71 (2): 223-33. https://doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.71.2.0223.
Medina, Leandro, and Friedrich Schneider. 2018. “Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years?” IMF Working Paper 18/17. International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484338636.001
Meleshevich, Andrey A. 2007. Party systems in post-Soviet countries: a comparative study of political institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mitchell, Andrew. 2013. “Risk and resilience: From good idea to good practice.” OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers 13. https://doi.org/10.1787/5k3ttg4cxcbp-en.
Pascariu, Gabriela Carmen, and Gilles Rouet. 2019. “Introduction: resilience and the Eastern Partnership-what relevance for policies?.” In Resilience and the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood Countries, edited by Gilles Rouet, and Gabriela Carmen Pascariu, 3-24. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25606-7_1
Pravda, Alex. 1983. “Trade Unions in East European Communist Systems: Toward Corporatism?” International Political Science Review 4 (2): 241-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251218300400207
Promberger, Markus, Boost, Marie, Dagg, Jennifer, and Jane Gray. 2020. “Introduction: poverty, resilience and the European crisis.” In: Poverty, Crisis and Resilience, edited by Marie Boost, Jennifer Dagg, Jane Gray, and Markus Promberger, 2-17. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788973205.00013.
Raab, Charles D., Jones, Richard, and Ivan Szekely. 2015. “Surveillance and Resilience in Theory and Practice.” Media and Communication 3 (2) (Special Issue: Surveillance: Critical Analysis and Current Challenges (Part I)): 21-41. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v3i2.220.
Rosser, J. Barkley, Rosser, Marina Vcherashnaya, Guastello, Stephen J., and Robert W. Bond. 2001. “Chaotic hysteresis and systemic economic transformation: Soviet investment patterns.” Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences 5 (4): 345-368. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009519030554
Schmalz, Stefan, Ludwig, Carmen, and Edward Webster. 2018. “The Power Resources Approach: Developments and Challenges.” Global Labour Journal 9 (2): 113-134. https://doi.org/10.15173/glj.v9i2.3569
Schwarz, Solomon M. 1959. “Trade Unions in the Soviet State.” Current History 37 (216): 79-84.
Smith, Graham. 1999. The Post-Soviet States: Mapping the Politics of Transition. Routledge.
Tirado, Isabel A. 1993. “The Komsomol and Young Peasants: The Dilemma of Rural Expansion, 1921-1925.” Slavic Review 52 (3): 460-476. https://doi.org/10.2307/2499719.
Uhlin, Anders. 2006. Post-Soviet Civil Society: Democratization in Russia and the Baltic States. London, New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203027752
World Bank. 2022a. “Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate).” Accessed February 8, 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS.
World Bank. 2022b. “Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate).” Accessed February 8, 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS.
World Bank. 2022c. “Gini index (World Bank estimate).” Accessed February, 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI.
World Bank. 2022d. “Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population).” Accessed February, 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ashot Aleksanyan, Arusyak Aleksanyan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
