THE PROBLEM OF CHILDHOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

Abstract

The article presents certain small parts of the results of our research and the approaches of various specialists on the following issues: what changes by age stages have occurred in the cognitive sphere of the child, in particular, in thinking, social behavior, emotional-volitional sphere, what positive and negative consequences they can have lead in the process of socialization of the individual, is there a need and in what directions to transform the education system, the methodology of the learning process in order to adapt them to the development and age-related changes of the modern personality, manage these developments, ensure successful and active socialization of the individual? In particular, the changes occurring at primary school age in the cognitive, emotional-volitional spheres, and social behavior of the child were presented (аlthough the study also covers preschool and adolescence). The research was conducted through observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. Children of preschool and school age, teachers, and specialist teachers took part in the research. In the article, we also talked about Internet addiction of primary schoolchildren and its negative consequences from the point of view of their socialization.

Our research proves that children of the 21st century have surpassed their peers of previous generations in overall rates of development, the number of new psychological characteristics, the characteristics of their manifestations and general abilities. However, we do not consider it advisable to evaluate these changes only from a positive point of view, since there are a number of psychological and pedagogical problems that we discussed in detail in the article.